The Percentage Of Children With Obesity In The United States

The percentage of children with obesity in the united states has more than tripled since the 1970s. Today, about one in five school-aged children ages 6-19 has obesity. (CDC obesity facts). Childhood obesity today is a nationwide epidemic. The quantity of obese and overweight kids in America has expanded at a disturbing rate over the previous years, and there is no possibility of it backing off unless a move is made. A fast-food fever has cleared over the nation, significantly leaving a trail of poor nourishment afterwards. Fast-food partnerships appear to urge young kids to devour standard measures of undesirable sustenances by giving out toys with the buy of a kids meal. PC’s, TV’s, and computer games which are thought to be innovative†¦show more content†¦Eating unhealthy sustenances routinely like quick sustenances, prepared merchandise and candy machine snacks builds weight (Mayo establishment). Research shows that right around 33% of the U.S. kids between ages four and nineteen eat fast food consistently; bringing about a weight pick up of around six additional pounds every year, per kid (NACHRI). Fast food utilization has expanded fivefold among kids since 1970. As a result of the wealth and accessibility of unfortunate nourishments, kids are inclined to getting plainly overweight or obese when their dietary patterns are not adjusted with an adequate measure of physical movement technology, for example, PC’s, TV’s, and computer games can likewise add to youth obesity. Counteractive action of youth weight can be obtained through just a couple of steps; be that as it may, these means must be taken after nearly keeping in mind the end goal to keep up a solid life. A sound eating regimen is imperative during the time spent avoiding youth obesity, alongside a fitting caloric intake. The simplest approach to anticipate being overweight is by lessening caloric intake. Diets that preclude most loved nourishments are not liabl e to be effective (AHA). Abstain from utilizing sustenance as a reward or a discipline (Mayo establishment). At the point when parents compensate their kids with sugary sustenances, or potentially rebuff them with products of the earth (broccoli, grapes, carrots.), kids may see nutritiousShow MoreRelatedThe Implementation Of Salad Bars1344 Words   |  6 Pages the issue of childhood obesity has gained major attention in the United States. The percentage of obesity has risen tremendously within the last decade. In a recent news article, â€Å"American Obesity Rates Are on the Rise,† Maggie Fox states about 28 percent of the people in America admits that they are obese (Fox). The United States has become the country with the highest rate of obesity in the world. Besides adults who are obese, obesity is also a common issue to children and teenagers. ChildhoodRead MoreChildhood Obesity : The United States916 Words   |  4 Pagesof childhood obesity has gained major attention in the United States especially in the 21st century. The percentage of obesity has raised tremendously within the last decade. In a recent news article, American Obesity Rates Are on the Rise, Maggie Fox states â€Å"about 28 percent of the people in America admits that they are obese.† The United States has become the country with the highest rate of obesity in the world. Besides adults who are obese, obesity is also a common issue to children and teenagersRead MoreObesity Today s Youth And Obesity Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesday. Recently, there have been many documentaries about obesity in today’s youth. Children are gaining more weight and everyone thinks it is because of technology and the lack of outdoor play. That could be the reason, but it can also be something entirely different. America is known for their big meals and fattening fast food. There are fast food restaurants around every corner and it is cheap so this also contributes to the obesity rate rising. Americans are known to other countries as theRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The Body Height Of Children And Adolescents Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesOver the past few decades the United States has seen a dramatic rise in the average weight of children and adolescents leading to an obesity epidemic. According to Up-to-Date, body mass index (BMI) is defined as the standard measure of obesity in individuals. It is the body height in kilograms divided by the body height in meters squared (Skeleton, 2016). Child obesity is based on a standardized growth scale and is defined as a body mass index (BMI) that surpasses the 95th percentile of a fixedRead MoreChildhood Obesity Research1024 Words   |  5 PagesObesity in the United States Obesity is an ongoing epidemic characterized by excessive amounts of body fat that may cause other health-related issues. â€Å"Approximately 1 in 3 U.S. adults and 1 in 6 children and adolescents are obese† (Reducing Obesity, n.d.). The rates of obesity have increased throughout the United States in people of all racial groups and genders. Obesity does not discriminate on ethnicity or gender. However, research shows that â€Å"Black and Latino populations have substantially higherRead MoreA Child s Silent Killer1266 Words   |  6 Pagesof cancer and is drastically increasing in incidence. The individuals affected are our children and adolescents. No this â€Å"disease† is not untreatable, it is not contagious and there is no chemo involved yet it continues to grow. Why? When asked to present a problem and a solution, what bigger a problem and easier a solution than the underrated concern of childhood obesity in the United States. Childhood obesity is a serious, life threatening and growing medical concern in the U.S. today which canRead MoreCaring For Populations : Assessment And Diagnosis1063 Words   |  5 PagesCaring for Populations: Assessment and Diagnosis The percentage of overweight and obese Americans has reached epidemic proportions. In 1959, 13% of Americans were either overweight or obese; and by 2010, that rate had increased to 69.9% (Fortuna, 2012). A community health nurse’s primary concern is improving the health the community. Combining the information gathered during a windshield survey with demographic and epidemiological data for the targeted community and surroundingRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On The United States991 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the number of fast-food ads produced each year is increasing, as well as the percentage of obese people in the United States. Advertisements of high in sugar and calorie foods are almost directly related to obesity within America. There needs to be a stop to this epidemic. Companies spend vast amounts of money to put out an enormous amount of ads. Many of which are viewed by children ages 2-11. On average children in the US see about 253 McDonaldâ₠¬â„¢s ads a year. One might see common fast-food adsRead MoreThe Effect Of Obesity On The New Zealand1397 Words   |  6 PagesThe Factors that Lead to Obesity in New Zealand There is a large variety of environmental factors that have led to the increase in Obesity in New Zealand. This essay will explore the factors that have caused the increase in and how they interlink with each other. There has been a clear trend of this world wide however New Zealand is currently among the highest for the percentage of there population being rated 3rd behind the United States of America and Mexico with 28.4% of our population being consideredRead MoreEssay about Childhood Obesity in African American Children1306 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity is a consequential medical condition that effects the youth and adolescence of society. This disorder creates health problems that were once only seen in adults, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Although childhood obesity is a world wide issue, the percentage of overweight children differs, especially throughout the United States. Today, the greatest population suffering from this disease are African Ameri can children who reside in the southern part of the country

Hobbes vs. Rousseau - 1427 Words

Hobbes vs. Rousseau Drug abuse is obviously a huge issue in our country, but how would Hobbes and Rousseau’s opinions differ on it? Hobbes talks about individual self interests and punishment. Rousseau talks about education and socialization. The both believe however that the sovereign should decide these laws Hobbes’ law of nature can be summarized as a general rule discovered by reason that forbids a person from doing anything destructive to his own life and gives her the right of self-preservation. The laws of nature state that human beings must strive for peace, which will best be achieved by contract.(Hobbes 86) If people read this thought it would seem that Hobbes would think that drug use definitely would not fit this law.†¦show more content†¦Our society today makes suicide illegal, so we are thinking a lot like Rousseau. He does say, however, that† every man has a right to risk his own life in order to preserve it. People will argue that some people use drugs just to escape their emotional pain. The other argument made, like Rousseau says, â€Å"Would the same punishment be imputed on someone who perishes is a storm on the grounds he knew of the danger when he embarked?† Basically that says that people use drugs even though they know that it will hurt them; that goes against both Hobbes’ and Rousseau’s theories. Hobbes would think that the way to control the drug use is to have the sovereign decide everything when it comes to laws. Hobbes says that they â€Å"Judge of what doctrines are fit to be taught them.†(Hobbes 118) Rousseau states â€Å"He who makes the law knows better than anyone how it should be executed and interpreted.†(Rousseau 78) That means that he agrees with Hobbes and that the sovereign should be the one who decides our laws. This issue isn’t a big issue of patriotism, but is very egocentric. Rousseau says that â€Å"every wrongdoer attacks the society’s law and becomes a traitor to the country.†(Rousseau 79) We don’t feel that people who break laws (unless it is treason or something like that.) to be unpatriotic. We still think someone who uses drugs is an American. Hobbes is all aboutShow MoreRelatedThe Social Contract : Hobbes Vs. Rousseau1457 Words   |  6 PagesThe Social Contract: Hobbes vs. Rousseau Since the beginning of the modern age, governments and states have existed in order to maintain moral law. Essentially these institutions are for the greater good of humanity. However, little thought is ever given to how humans lived without governments. Each and every person in the modern age is born into a state, and becomes a part of that state regardless of their will. The concept that humans are born into a state is derived from the social contractRead MoreHobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Machiavelli Essay1855 Words   |  8 PagesHobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Machiavelli The thirteenth through the eighteenth century brought profound changes in the political realm of Western civilization. Beginning with the Scientific Revolution and only advancing during the Renaissance, secularization and skepticism lead to changes in not only the intellectual life of Westerners, but also to their politics. At the forefront of the political debate were well-versed men such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. The influencesRead MoreThe Making Of Evil1251 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom foulness as an outcome of obtaining what they want. According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, â€Å"man is naturally good† (Notes); Humans have no darkness within themselves in their natural state, but are corrupted by depravity in the world (Notes). Evil is obviously prevalent throughout society, as a result human beings derive malevolent traits throughout their life based on their experiences and circumstance. Hobbes advocated the pessimistic viewpoint on human nature and attrib uted moral vileness withRead MoreTwo Sided Coin: Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke Essay905 Words   |  4 Pages Two-sided coin: Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke There are always two-sides everything including people and the government, kind of like science vs. faith view. With Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, they give the impression to be on opposite sides when it comes to people, society and the government even and yet both were Englishmen. Hobbes was born 5 April 1588 and died 4 December 1679; he is best known today for his work on political philosophy. While John Locke was 29 August 1632 and died 28 OctoberRead MoreApathy And Its Impact On Society850 Words   |  4 Pagesapathy continued to be regarded by secular thinkers like Hobbes to be desirable because of the fear of civil war. Hobbes believed that the state of nature is also the state of war, and without a proper government, the state will collapse into chaos. This situation changed in the eighteenth century with the political thought of Rousseau, for whom politics became an essential aspect of the quest for personal autonomy or freedom. To this end, Rousseau insisted on the need for small societies in which itRead MoreHobbes Vs. Marx On Government s First Duty1038 Words   |  5 PagesBryce Hurless Mrs. Sauter World History – Block G 15 December 2014 Topic #1 – Hobbes vs. Locke vs. Marx â€Å"Government’s first duty is to protect the people, not run their lives,† said Ronald Reagan. Some political philosophies like John Locke would agree to this statement, while other, like Thomas Hobbes would not, and some will both agree and disagree, like Karl Marx. You will come to learn why the â€Å"social contract† of John Locke is the best through the review of all three philosophers main ideasRead MoreJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Hobbes influenced Madison in a way that allowed him to have both liberty and order at the same time. John Locke believed in individual liberty and freedom from the government whilst Thomas Hobbes believed that the state of nature is that people are born selfish. These two philosophers managed to influence Madison because Madison wanted liberty but also wanted order and that was mentioned in Hobbes’s theory of a strong leader which provided order. A philosopher named Thomas Hobbes believedRead MorePolitical Theory: Comparing Locke, Rousseau and Plato Essay3770 Words   |  16 Pagescalm and peaceful - men give up some of their freedom to secure the advantages of civilized socity - men have the right to protect their freedom (killing if necessary) - bound by the laws of nature - contrast with hobbes: everyone has the right over everything, there exist no private property - Liberty to do as he will, but not harm others Purpose of government: - to secure the natural rights of property rights and liberty - we need lawRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Thomas Hobbes1128 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophers such as John Stuart Mill and Thomas Hobbes are talking about very different things than Immanuel Kant and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Hobbes proclaims, â€Å"Liberty, or freedom, signifieth properly the absence of opposition (by opposition, I mean external impediments of motion)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hobbes 136). While Mill describes liberty as â€Å"that of pursuing our own good in our own way† (Mill 14). Undoubtedly, these are both negative conceptions. In contrast, Rousseau often writes in The Social Contract citizensRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The Social Contract3563 Words   |  15 PagesThomas Hobbes (1588-1679), an English philosopher published the work, Leviathan, which proposed the concept of the social contract, in which societal assimilation mandates submission to authoritarian rule, with a relinquishment of certain rights, in return for protection and aid. Hobbes offered a fo undational premise for benefits that otherwise might be absent, if not for societal constructs. John Locke, another English philosopher published the Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which expounded

The Affliction Of Polio In Africa Biology Essay Free Essays

string(88) " merely die because they ca n’t afford to purchase the setup assisting to breath\." Abstraction This essay investigates the grounds why Goma ( in DRC ) is more affected by infantile paralysis than Gisenyi ( in Rwanda ) . The two parts on which the probe is about are neighbors ; they have the same clime and the same geographical construction. This probe was carried out utilizing field work. We will write a custom essay sample on The Affliction Of Polio In Africa Biology Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now I started my probe by inquiring inquiries to physicians so that I would hold more thought of what infantile paralysis was. After that, I selected the factors I would look into on in order to cognize why Goma is more affected by Polio than Gisenyi. The factors selected are: the environmental factors, handiness of wellness attention and the cognition the population has about infantile paralysis. For the environmental factors, the clime and the hygiene were considered and investigated on. In the instance of the handiness of the vaccinum, I asked inquiries to the people in charge of the inoculation plans in each part. For the cognition about infantile paralysis, inquiries were asked to 70 female parents in each part about their consciousness about infantile paralysis. The decisions I drawn from this probe is that neither the handiness of the vaccinum nor the consciousness of the population contributes to the difference in infantile paralysis instances between the two parts. Amongst the environmental factors merely the hygiene contributes to the difference in infantile paralysis instances between the two parts. The chief ground why Goma is more affected by infantile paralysis is that the population there is populating without holding basic demands and in add-on to that, non all the kids are vaccinated. The poorness stops the parents from boiling the H2O before giving it to their kids and the war is doing the parents move from one topographic point to another and as a consequence, the kids do non acquire all the three doses of the vaccinum which makes them susceptible to acquire infantile paralysis. Introduction: Poliomyelitis or infantile paralysis is an infective disease caused by a virus that was foremost discovered in 1909 by Karl Landsteiner ( 1868 -1943 ) . Polio largely affects kids that are less than five old ages old. Polio is eradicated in Europe, in USA, and in Australia since the 1990 ‘s[ 1 ]. However there are still some instances of infantile paralysis in Asia and really many instances in Africa. The virus that causes infantile paralysis is known as the poliovirus. The poliovirus is a really contagious virus that can distribute really easy and really rapidly from one individual to another.[ 2 ]The incubation period of infantile paralysis can be really short ( 4days ) or long ( 14 yearss ) .[ 3 ] The poliovirus can merely infect worlds. It is really common in tropical climes and during summer in temperate clime ; it is rapidly inactivated by heat.[ 4 ]The poliovirus can populate in an environment that has a temperature between 18 A °C and 40 A ° C There are two chief types of infantile paralysis: the first type is caused by the wild infantile paralysis. This is the 1 in the environment, the one people get by imbibing contaminated H2O or by being in contact with contaminated fecal matters. The 2nd type is the vaccinum infantile paralysis. This is the infantile paralysis people get because of the vaccinum that contains weak poliovirus. This happens when for illustration a kid who was ill and has non recovered yet is vaccinated. In this instance the immune system of the kid is weak and ca n’t battle the weak polioviruses. The difference between the two types of infantile paralysis is that the wild infantile paralysis causes a palsy that is non reversible while the palsy caused from the vaccinum infantile paralysis is reversible significance that the individual can go normal once more after few yearss. Poliomyelitis can distribute in different ways. The most common manner is the fecal unwritten transmittal ; the other manner is the unwritten -oral infantile paralysis transmittal[ 5 ]. The fecal unwritten transmittal is when a individual is in contact with the fecal matters of an septic individual. It occurs in countries where the hygiene is hapless. In countries where the sanitation is better, the spreading will happen utilizing the oral- unwritten transmittal which occurs when an septic individual sneezes or coughs in the presence of non-infected people. In this instance the non- septic individual will be in contact with droplets or spit. Insects such as flies can besides be agents of transmittal of the virus.[ 6 ]The virus can besides distribute through contaminated nutrient and H2O.[ 7 ]Not all the people that are in contact with the poliovirus acquire ill. They will merely hold something that looks like a bad cold. Those people can move as bearers and can infect other people. O nce a individual is paralysed, that individual ca n’t pollute the others. The individual is merely contagious during the incubation period of the poliovirus. The virus can come in the being through the air ( nose, larynx, amygdales, ) but largely it enters the being through the digestive system.[ 8 ]When the virus is in the being, it develops and multiplies in the bowels and so goes to the nervous system where it causes a palsy in few hours.[ 9 ] The poliovirus can impact three different parts of the organic structure. The first portion is the encephalon ; in this instance the individual affected dies. The 2nd portion is the respiratory system, cut downing the external respiration capacity of the septic individual. This largely consequences to decease if the individual does non hold aid from take a breathing machines. The 3rd portion is the legs. In this instance the virus amendss merely the nervousnesss that control motions. The palsy caused by the poliovirus is known as a floppy Paralysis. The individual will non be able to walk unless assisted with crutches or with prosthetics. In Africa, the bulk of the instances of infantile paralysis are coming from hapless households. Those who have their respiratory system affected by infantile paralysis merely die because they ca n’t afford to purchase the setup assisting to breath. You read "The Affliction Of Polio In Africa Biology Essay" in category "Essay examples" For those who have the legs paralysed they ca n’t purchase the prosthetics which cost around 350 $ ( this being the cheapest ) . Most of the paralysed people merely hope that person takes attention of them or in most instances they become mendicants on the street because their households think they are a charge and do n’t desire to take attention of them. Poliomyelitiss can non be cured. Since infantile paralysis is caused by a virus, the antibiotics do n’t hold any consequence on it. In order to kill the poliovirus, the host cell has to be killed besides. The lone thing the physicians can make is to bring around the symptoms such as febrility. When a kid becomes paralysed the lone thing that can be done is the rehabilitation. The fact that infantile paralysis can non be cured does non intend that it ca n’t be prevented. One of the bar methods used is inoculation. The vaccinum for infantile paralysis is unwritten. It contains weak polioviruses. Four doses have to be given for the vaccinum to be effectual. The first dosage is given at the birth ; the 2nd 1 is given when the babe has 6 hebdomads, the 3rd at 10 hebdomads and the 4th and last dosage at 14 hebdomads. Another bar method that can be used is to imbibe poached H2O. In Africa, people in the small town acquire the H2O they need from the lakes and rivers near their houses. The H2O from the lakes can be really unsafe because it is the same H2O in which people wash their apparels and many people do their fecal matters near the H2O. If person is affected by infantile paralysis and realeases his/her fecal matters in the H2O, the poliovirus will travel in the H2O and will impact the kids who will imbibe that H2O. In order to avoid that, the parents should boil the H2O before giving it to their kids. In that manner non merely the poliovirus will be killed but besides all the other viruses and bacteriums that was in the H2O. In this essay we are traveling to see what can do two parts have different infantile paralysis instances. To look into this, I have chosen the part of Goma ( in DRC ) and the part of Gisenyi ( in Rwanda ) . This is deserving look intoing because infantile paralysis can be contaminated through the air and the fact is that there ‘s a batch of contact between the populations of the two parts. Since there ‘s a batch of contact between the two populations and that infantile paralysis can be transmitted in the air the inquiry is why one portion of the population is more affected than the other? The part of Goma and the part of Gisenyi are neighbors. They are non in the same state ; Goma is in DRC while Gisenyi is in Rwanda. Both the parts have the same geographical construction. Both are hilly and portion the same lake: Lake Kivu. Even though they have the same clime and geographical construction, the two parts are non affected in the same manner by infantile paralysis. The part of Goma is more affected by infantile paralysis than the part of Gisenyi. In fact most of the kids in Goma are affected by infantile paralysis while in Gisenyi the opportunity of holding a kid affected by infantile paralysis is approximative to 0 % . What makes the part of Goma more affected by infantile paralysis than the part of Gisenyi? Many things can do these two parts so different in the manner infantile paralysis affect them in this essay, three factors were used to look into why Goma is more affected by infantile paralysis than Gisenyi. Three factors are: The environmental factors, handiness of the vaccinum and wellness attention, and the consciousness amongst the people. The environmental factors For the environmental factors the clime and the hygiene will be considered. The clime of the two parts is the same ; hence, the clime can non be among the grounds why the rate of infantile paralysis is different in the two parts. They both have the same temperatures and clime. Since Goma and Gisenyi have the same clime this can non be a ground why Goma has more infantile paralysis instances than Gisenyi. The handiness of public lavatories for the people who do n’t hold modern houses with lavatories in them and a good hygiene can be included as an environmental factor. The usage of public lavatories is one of the preventative methods used to avoid infantile paralysis. The public lavatories are suggested because most of the people do n’t hold the capacity to construct houses with lavatories. In Gisenyi and Goma the public lavatories are available but they are in really bad conditions ; due to that people do n’t utilize them. Most of the kids and the parents let go of their fecal matters near the Lake Kivu, in which they go to bring H2O. This increases the rate of spreading of infantile paralysis particularly if the non-vaccinated kids drink the H2O from the lake straight without boiling it and that the H2O contains the infantile paralysis virus. The image below shows kids from Goma bringing soiled H2O. Picture nA ° 1 ( From my camera ) The fact is that in Goma most of the people live either in a refugee cantonment or in really hapless conditions. Those who live in refugee cantonments do non hold good sanitation installations. There are many people populating in a little country ( eg: two households in one collapsible shelter ) which facilitates the spreading of diseases such as cholera and infantile paralysis among the kids. The other 1s who do n’t populate in refugee cantonments live in really bad conditions because of the war and the insecurity. Refering the hygiene there ‘s a large difference between the two parts in the sense that in one ( Gisenyi ) people have reasonably acceptable life conditions which enables them to hold a good hygiene while in the other ( Goma ) people are populating in bad conditions which makes them non able to hold a good hygiene. The handiness of the vaccinum and wellness attention The handiness of the vaccinum and wellness attention are finding factor in the sense that if the vaccinum for infantile paralysis is available, fewer kids will be affected by infantile paralysis. This besides include whether people can afford to pay for the vaccinum or non. In Rwanda, the vaccinum is available and free for everyone. Therefore in Gisenyi, which is one of the parts of Rwanda, the vaccinum is available and free. In Goma the vaccinum is besides free. In fact people from the public wellness section are sent to near the parents to immunize their kids. In both the parts the medical Centres are near to the people. One difference is that in Gisenyi the population has an insurance provided by the authorities in order to ease the entree to medical attention while in Goma the people have to pay for themselves. The fact that the vaccinum is available in Gisenyi explains why there are few instances of infantile paralysis. The inquiry now is to cognize why there are more instances of infantile paralysis in Goma when the vaccinum is besides available and free at that place. The 2008 statistics by Unicef showed that in Rwanda, 95 % of the kids where immunized against infantile paralysis while 89 % merely were immunized in Congo.[ 10 ] Public consciousness about infantile paralysis If the vaccinum is available the figure of kids affected by infantile paralysis will depend on the figure of kids who were vaccinated. The figure of kids Vaccinated will depend on how cognizant parents are that their kids have to be vaccinated. There is no point of doing the vaccinum available if the parents do n’t take their kids for inoculation. This can be a ground why Goma has more kids affected by infantile paralysis than Gisenyi. If the parents in Gisenyi are more cognizant about infantile paralysis than the 1s in Goma this can explicate why the kids in Gisenyi are less affected by infantile paralysis than the kids in Goma. In order to look into that, few inquiries were asked to parents holding kids less than five old ages old in the two parts. 70 parents from each part were asked the undermentioned inquiries: Make you cognize what infantile paralysis is? What do you cognize about infantile paralysis? Are your kids vaccinated against infantile paralysis? What do you make when your kid is ill? Make you boil or set chemicals in the H2O before giving it to your kids?[ 11 ] PRIMARY DATA The following tabular array shows the consequences got in the different parts Table nA °1 Gisenyi Goma Number of parents cognizing about infantile paralysis 0 2 Number of parents that have some thought about infantile paralysis 27 39 Number of parents that have no thought about infantile paralysis 43 29 Number of parents that take their kids for inoculation 67 59 Number of parents that do n’t take their kids for inoculation 3 11 Number of parents that take their kids to the physician when they are ill 64 33 Number of parent that leave their kids place when they are ill 4 29 Number of parents that take their kids to witchdoctors when they are ill 2 8 Number of parents who boil or put chemicals in the H2O before giving it to their kids 41 8 The undermentioned graph shows us the consequences got Graph nA °1 From the graph above we can see that refering the cognition about infantile paralysis the parents in Goma are more cognizant about that disease than the parents in Gisenyi. We can see from the graph that there are more parents in Goma who really know what infantile paralysis is than in Gisenyi. Most of the parents in Gisenyi have no thought of what infantile paralysis is. Some parents even thought that it was a disease caused by malnutrition. The fact that more kids in Gisenyi are vaccinated than in Goma can explicate why there are more instances of infantile paralysis in Goma than in Gisenyi. However that is non all. From the consequences we can see that there are more parents who take their kids to the physician when they are ill in Gisenyi than in Goma. This is because in Gisenyi the parents have insurance and can afford to take their kids to the infirmary when they are ill. In the instance of Goma, the parents do n’t hold any insurance and have to pay for themselves. When the parents in Goma were asked why they do n’t take their kids to the physician when they are ill, most of them said that they ca n’t afford to take their kids to the infirmary. The fact that there are more childs vaccinated in Gisenyi than in Goma can be explained by the fact that less parents in Goma go to the infirmary. Because they have to pay for themselves, they do n’t take their kids to the infirmaries believing tha t they ‘ll hold to pay for the vaccinum. We can see from the statistitics that about 16 % of the female parents do n’t take their kids to the infirmary. The fact is that some female parents do n’t even give birth in the infirmaries. If they did, the kid would automatically have the first dosage of the vaccinum and the female parent would be told that the vaccinum is free. The households in Goma do n’t hold a beginning of gross. Some were husbandmans but can no longer cultivate their farms because they live in refugee cantonments. In fact they ca n’t cultivate even if they leaved outside the refugee cantonments because Goma is a part of high volcanic activity. The bulk of the land is covered with larva, there ‘s no manner to works anything at that place. In add-on to that, there are more parents in Gisenyi who boil the H2O or put chemicals in it before giving it to their kids. To the parents who do n’t boil H2O or put chemicals in it were asked why they do n’t make that. Most of the female parents in Gisenyi answered that â€Å" since I was immature I ne’er drunk poached H2O and I ‘m healthy, why should my kid acquire ill if I did n’t. † those in Goma explained that they ca n’t afford to make that but if they could, they would boil the H2O before giving it to their kids. The kids in Goma drink H2O that is non purified and are non vaccinated. This is why they get infantile paralysiss while for the kids of Gisenyi, they drink poached H2O and even for those who drink H2O that is non boiled have the insurance that they are vaccinated and that they wo n’t acquire polio. There are no instances of infantile paralysis in Gisenyi, so, there ‘s no 1 to convey the disease. The consequence got from my research can be supported by the unicef statistics about the sanitation, and improved imbibing H2O in Rwanda and in Congo The tabular array below shows the studies from unicef about the sanitation installations and imbibing H2O. This besides includes the % of kids vaccinated against infantile paralysis.[ 12 ] Table nA °2 Rwandese republic Zaire % of population utilizing improved sanitation installations in the rural countries 47 % 19 % % of population utilizing improved imbibing H2O installations in rural countries 61 % 35 % % of kids immunized against infantile paralysis in entire 95 % 89 % The fact that the parents in Goma have some thought about infantile paralysis is supposed to do Goma less affected by it than Gisenyi where the parents are non cognizant which is non the instance. This can be explained by the fact that in Goma, even though the parents have some thought about what infantile paralysis is they do n’t take their kids for inoculation. The parents in Gisenyi take their kids for inoculation. Most of the parents in Gisenyi do n’t cognize why they have to immunize their kids they do it because they were told to make so and that since the vaccinum is free, they do n’t free anything by taking their kids for inoculation. For the parents in Goma their job is that they are non stable ( i.e. : they move from one topographic point to another ) . Because of the war and the insecurity in Goma, the population keeps traveling. My theory is that due to the instability of the population in Goma, parents do n’t take their kids for inoculation. That would explicate the fact that even thought the parents are cognizant about infantile paralysis, they do n’t take their kids for inoculation doing them vulnerable to that disease. To verify whether my theory is true, I asked 50 parents from each part some inquiries about their manner of life. The inquiries asked are: Where make you populate? Make you populate in a refugee cantonment or in your ain house? How frequently do you travel ( go forth your house or refugee cantonment ) ? What is the ground of your instability? * When you move do you believe about taking your kid for inoculation? *[ 13 ] The tabular array below shows us the consequences got Table nA °3 Gisenyi Goma Number of parents populating in a refugee cantonment 0 13 Number of parents populating in their ain house 50 37 Number of parents who stay in the same topographic point during the whole twelvemonth 41 28 figure of parents traveling one time in twelvemonth 2 3 figure of parents traveling twice a twelvemonth 7 4 figure of parents traveling more than twice a twelvemonth 0 15 Number of parents taking their kids to inoculation after traveling 1 2 The tabular array below shows the consequences in % Table nA °4 Gisenyi Goma % of parents tliving in a refugee cantonment 0 % 26 % % of parents populating in a house 100 % 74 % Overall % of parents traveling at least one time in a twelvemonth 18 % 44 % % of parents taking their kids for inoculation after traveling 11.1 % 9.09 % The graph below shows us the consequences got: Graph nA °2 The consequences got support my theory that the parents in Goma do non take their kids for inoculation due to the instability. We can clearly see that in Gisenyi all the parents live in their ain house which is non the instance for Goma. My consequences besides show that there are more parents in Goma who leave their places compared to Gisenyi. The instability of the parents is caused by different grounds in the two parts. In Goma the instability is non merely due to the war, it is besides caused by the volcanic activity while in Gisenyi, the instability of the parents is due to their work ( ie: move from one topographic point to another harmonizing to seasons ) . More parents in Gisenyi think about taking their kids to inoculation compared to Goma. This could explicate the fact that more kids are affected by infantile paralysis in Goma in the sense that more kids in Gisenyi receive all the doses of the vaccinum compared to Goma. In Goma, when the parents are obliged to go forth the country because of the war, they do n’t hold the clip to take the kid for the 2nd dosage because they are busy seeking to last in hard conditions, and since the vaccinum is non effectual if all the four doses are non given, their kids are susceptible of holding infantile paralysis if they are in contact with the poliovirus. Decision: With all this we can reason that Goma is more affected by infantile paralysis than Gisenyi because most of the kids in Gisenyi are vaccinated which is non the instance in Goma. The fact that more kids are vaccinated in Gisenyi than in Goma is non due to the handiness of the vaccinum and the consciousness of the parents, it is because in Goma, the parents are more bemused by lasting than by taking their kids for the inoculation. The war is doing the population in Goma live in really hapless conditions. Their kids do n’t have all the four doses of the infantile paralysis vaccinum which makes them vulnerable to polio. The deficiency of hygiene in Goma particularly in the refugee cantonments explains the fact that there ‘s more infantile paralysis in Goma than in Gisenyi. The fact that the kids lack hygiene and unrecorded together increases the rate of spreading of the disease. Apart from the fact that there is war in Goma, the people are besides hapless. They do n’t hold the clip to take attention of their kids. Most of the parents have many kids and ca n’t take attention of them. They are busy the whole twenty-four hours seeking to acquire some money to feed their kids. When their kid is ill, they either leave the kid place or pray he will be all right shortly or if the disease is grave, they take the kid to the traditional physicians who are less expensive than the modern physicians. Harmonizing to many parents the traditional physicians are more effectual than the modern physicians because they are inexpensive and that they use herbs to bring around, which are better than the pills given by the modern physicians. Most of the parents in Goma cognize how their kids can acquire polio and they know how to avoid it but they merely do n’t hold any pick. They ca n’t afford to boil the H2O or to set chemicals in it. The ground why Goma has more polio instances is largely due to the war and to the instability of the population. We can see that clearly from the fact that the parents in Gisenyi are less cognizant about infantile paralysis, but since they are stable and that they were told to take their kids for inoculation they take them. They besides have the ability to purchase wood to boil the H2O. The hazard now is that since Goma and Gisenyi are neighbors and that there are refugees from Goma in Gisenyi, infantile paralysis will distribute and impact kids from Gisenyi besides. That ‘s why the female parents in Gisenyi are sensitised to immunize their kids. Some of them do n’t see the intent of inoculation and do n’t cognize the hazard they are taking. Because of that, infantile paralysis which was eradicated in Rwanda might come back if all the kids are non vaccinated. Since the two parts portion the same lake and that kids do their faces in near the lake, there ‘s a opportunity that the infantile paralysis virus might distribute through the H2O if the kids drink the H2O without boiling it. How to cite The Affliction Of Polio In Africa Biology Essay, Essay examples

Killer Whales Essay Example For Students

Killer Whales Essay Whales are giant creatures that live in the sea. They look like fish, but arenot. Whales belong to the group of animals called mammals. Whales belong to thegroup of mammals called cetaceans, which comes from a Latin word meaning largesea animal. There are two major groups of whales. The first group is mysticeti(baleen whales), and the other isodontoceti (toothed whales). In the groupodontoceti, there is a family of whales called delphinidae (dolphins and smalltoothed whales). In this report, I will focus on a species of whale that comesfrom this family, and that species is the killer whale, or also known as orcinusorca, or just orca. The largest and most striking of the dolphin family, thekiller whale is one of the most fearsome predators of the deep. Killer whalesare basically the same shape as fish, but they differ in many ways. One of themost obvious differences is the tail fin. Fish have vertical tail fins, whilewhales have horizontal tail fins. One of the most distinctive featur es of orcasis the tall, wide dorsal fin located on its back. In females, the dorsal fin cangrow to about 2 feet high. It is falcate (hooked or curved). In males, thedorsal fin is triangular in shape and can grow up to about 6 feet high. Anotherdistinctive feature of killer whales is that they possess a sleek, black andwhite pigmentation pattern. A white patch is located above and behind the eye. An extensive white ventral patch extends onto the flanks (sides). There is agray saddle behind the dorsal fin, which is black at birth. (Hoyt, Pg. 32) Atbirth, orcas are about 2.1 to 2.4 meters long and weigh about 180 kilograms. When they are adults, males grow to about 9.5 meters long weighing 8 tons ormore. Females grow to 8.2 meters long and weigh 4-6 tons. Orcas have robustand graceful bodies with a conical or rounded head. (Hoyt, Pg. 97) It has nodistinct beak. They have straight mouthlines. Another physical attribute ofkiller whales, besides having a tall dorsal fin, is that killer whales havelarge, paddle-shaped flippers. These flippers are 2-3 times larger in males thanthey are in females. Killer whales are very large physical specimens. Beingknown as a fearsome hunter with killer instinct, it would be interesting to knowwhat a killer whales diet consists of. The orca resembles the great whiteshark in its predatory skill and range of food. They eat seabirds, turtles,fishes, including sharks, whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, and sea lions. These hunters feed in groups of two to twenty animals. They can even kill baleenwhales much larger then themselves. They have 10 to 13 teeth on each side ofeach jaw, which helps in their feeding. Though killer whales sometimes attackdolphins, seals, and other whales larger than themselves, but they have not beenknown to attack people, although there have been documented cases of killerwhale attacks. Throughout the ages, whales have lost some of the characteristicsof mammals. Mammals have hair covering their bodies. Whales have only a fewstiff hairs on their heads. Mammals have four legs. A whale has no hind legs. The only traces that they remain are two tiny hipbones. The front legs havedeveloped into flippers, which are used for steering or keeping its balance. Although killer whales share the same characteristics as mammals, they also havespecial features that allow them to live in the water. Whales have many specialcharacteristics suited for living in the water. Living in water enables them toreach enormous sizes. The buoyancy (lift) of water helps support a whalesbody, which makes it possible for them to grow larger. (Ellis Knoph,Pg.18) Orcas have a highly streamlined shape. This enables them to swim with aminimum of resistance. The powerful tail fins called flukes are horizontal. .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb , .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb .postImageUrl , .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb , .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb:hover , .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb:visited , .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb:active { border:0!important; } .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb:active , .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a3fdf97a7bc9cb2f97bde90429d6dcb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Features Of International Business In Developing Countries Commerce EssayWhales swim by moving the flukes up and down. Another characteristic that ishelpful to killer whales, or any type of whale, is that a whales backbone,ribcage, and shoulder blades resemble those of other mammals. Almost all mammalshave seven neck vertebrae. In killer whales, these vertebrae are compressed intoa short length or joined together into one bone. This keeps the head from movingabout. It also joins the head directly to the body. Orcas have smooth, rubberyskin that easily slips through the water. Mammals have hair to keep them warm. Whales have only a few hairs on the head. To keep warm, they have a layer of fatcalled blubber. The blubber grows to about 6 inches thick never growing more. Ifthere is no food around or there is little food, killer whales can live offtheir blubber for a long time. Since blubber is lighter than water, thisincreases the buoyancy of whales. Much like their mammal brethren, whales havelungs and must come to the surface to breathe. They can hold their breath forlong periods of time. Their muscles store more oxygen than the muscles of othermammals. Orcas store 41 percent of their oxygen supply in the muscles. Whendiving, the body reduces the blood flow to the muscles, still keeping a normalflow to the heart and brain. The heartbeat slows helping to save oxygen. After adive, a killer whale must take several breaths to recharge its tissues withoxygen before diving again. When an orca comes up to breathe, it rolls forwardas it breaks the surface. This movement gives it only about two seconds to blowout and breathe in up to 2,100 quarts of air. They breathe through nostrilscalled blowholes. These are located at the top of the head. Orcas have oneblowhole. Powerful muscles and valves open the blowhole wide so the whales canbreathe. Then they snap tightly shut. A cloud called a blow or spout is producedwhen a whale exhales. It consists of water vapor. Sometimes it may include mucusand oil droplets. An interesting aspect of whales is that they utilize most ofthe five senses that humans use. The five senses are hearing, seeing, smelling,touching, and talking. Killer whales have no sense of smell and have pooreyesight. They have well-developed senses of touch and hearing. Their keenhearing provides them with information about their surroundings. (International Experts, Encyclopedia survey, 1988) They can hear a wide range ofsounds, including low-and high-pitched sounds that are beyond the range of humanhearing. They can also tell from what direction a sound is coming from. Killerwhales produce sounds within the nasal sac system, a series of air-filledpouches around the blowhole. They locate underwater objects by listening forechoes produced when the objects reflect the sounds. They determine the distanceand the direction of an object through the echoes. This is called echolocation. When researching any type of animal, it is also worth knowing the life span ofthe animal being researched. Knowing the life span of killer whales is usefulinformation that a researcher can later use. Knowing the life span of the killerwhale helps the researcher understand how the killer whale lives and how long itlives. The life span of killer whales is 50+ years for the males and 80+ yearsfor the females. Human hunters account for many of the deaths. Except forpeople, whales have no natural enemies. Most of the whales that escape thehunters harpoon live to old age and die of natural causes. Some orcas die afterstranding themselves on a beach. In some cases, a whale swims ashore alone. Inother cases, an entire pod of whales becomes stranded. People often returnbeached whales to the sea, but most swim back onto the beach. They cannot livelong out of the water. They may overheat, become crushed by their own weight, ordrown when the tide covers their blowholes. Another important aspect worthnoting is how killer whales reproduce. The way that killer whales reproduce isvery unusual as compared to other mammals or even other whales. Killer whalesmate during a specific season. The male, called a bull, and the female, called acow, engage in playful courting as part of the mating process. The whales strokeeach other with their flippers during courting. Females breed at 9 to 10 yearswhile males breed at 16 to 17 years. The gestation period or pregnancy periodlasts 13 to 17 months. A female will give birth every 10 years, sometimes every3 years. A whale has only one baby at a time. A baby whale is called a calf. .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0 , .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0 .postImageUrl , .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0 , .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0:hover , .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0:visited , .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0:active { border:0!important; } .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0:active , .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0 .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f7d07869b141da0576f12b5a38793e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diabetes And Types EssayTwins rarely occur. During birth one or more females may help the mother. Whalesare already giant animals at birth. Calves are born in fall and winter. They are8 feet long and grow 4 inches every month. As soon as the baby is born, themother nudges it to the surface to take its first breath. She stays close to itfor at least a year. During this year, the female will nurse her calf. She hasspecial breast muscles that pump milk into the babys mouth. Whale milk ishighly concentrated and rich in fat, protein, and minerals. (Leatherwood; Reeves, Pg. 134) This helps the calves grow amazingly fast. Overall, thereare a plethora of characteristics and attrib utes that make killer whales unique. Whether it is the killer instinct, life span, or method of reproduction, it iseasy to see that killer whales are very special creatures. Though there are manydifferent kinds of whales, I chose to write about one specific species of whale:the killer whale or orcinus orca. Whales are thought to be along the lines ofgentle of nonviolent. Killer whales, however, are neither. It is thesecharacteristics of the killer whale that many people find intriguing. Whales, ingeneral, are very unique creatures. The killer whale is unique in its own way,and possesses certain characteristics that most whales do not. It is the killerinstinct found in killer whales that makes them intriguing and distinguishesthem from other species of whale. Zoology and Animals